Priciples and techniques of genitourinary system surgeries in the selected Persian Medical Books (Firdous al-Hikmat, al-Hawi fi al-Tibb, Kamil al-Sana al-tibbiya, al-Tasrif liman ajeza an al-Talif and Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb)

Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays, genitourinary surgery is developing as a discipline like other medical disciplines. So every day, new surgical techniques and instruments are being developed to help patients become well-nourished and assist physicians. Genital tract diseases have always been with humans and physicians have been trying to reduce human suffering in any period adopted with available diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. By reviewing the medical texts of different periods, development of this knowledge can be understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the principles and techniques of genitourinary surgeries in traditional medical books. Methods and material: The current study was a narrative review of the opinions of pioneers of golden age of Islam. Persian traditional manuscripts were selected through purposeful indicators; therefore, Firdous al-Hikmat by Ali Ibn Rabban Tabari, al-Hawi fi al-Tibb by Rhazes, Kamil al-Sana al-tibbiya of Haly Abbas, al-Tasrif liman ajeza an al-Talif by Albucasis and Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb by Avicenna were selected and all surgical techniques of genitourinary disorders were retrieved. Results: Despite dramatic improvements in the field of genitourinary surgery, it can be argued that its principles were established during the golden age of Islam by the prominent physicians of that period and have been preserved until now. It can be stated that surgical techniques that introduced for bladder stone, hypospadias, hernia and hydrocele are essential methods of intervention nowadays. Although they had no anesthesia, they deeply considered medical ethics and tried to minimize damage tissues as much as possible. Ali Ibn-abbas Majousi Ahwazi and Abolghasem Zahrawi were the founders of urology and also Razhes has also played a leading role in the development of this field.