Solution Thermodynamics of Piroxicam in some Ethanol plus Water Mixtures and Correlation with the Jouyban-Acree Model

Abstract

The solubility of piroxicam (PIR) in several ethanol + water mixtures was determined at five temperatures from 293.15 to 313.15 K. The thermodynamic functions; Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of solution and of mixing were obtained from these solubility data and the drug properties of fusion by using the van't Hoff and Gibbs equations. The greatest solubility value was obtained in pure ethanol. A non-linear enthalpy-entropy relationship was observed from a plot of enthalpy versus Gibbs energy of solution. Accordingly, the driving mechanism for PIR solubility in water-rich mixtures is the entropy, probably due to water-structure loss around the drug's non-polar moieties by ethanol, whereas, in ethanol-rich mixtures the driving mechanism is the enthalpy, probably due to better PIR solvation by the co-solvent molecules. The solubilities and the derived thermodynamic properties in mixed solvents were correlated using the Jouyban-Acree model.