School of Health and Nutrition

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The Faculty of Health was established under the name of “Faculty of Health and Nutrition” in 1991 by incorporating the departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition of the Faculty of Pharmacy; Health Department of the Faculty of Medicine; and the department of Disease Control and Environmental Health of the Faculty of Paramedical Sciences. The Faculty of Health was located at the building of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Rehabilitation and Dentistry for several years. In 2001, the faculty was relocated to its main building and formally began its educational activities. The Faculty of Health began its research and educational activities in 2012. The school of Nutrition was firstly established as a department inside the School of Health and Nutrition in 1991 following the merging of the departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition from the school of Pharmacy (1974), the department of Health from the school of Medicine (1953) and the departments of Environmental Health and Disease Control (1987) from the school of Paramedical sciences. The school gained its independency and has started its educational activities with independent staff and facilities and its own educational space and laboratories in 2012.

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Start date: 1960

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    Investigating the amounts of microplastics and their sampling methods in the tap water distribution network: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2025) Malekzadeh, Masoumeh; Aslani, Hassan
    Abstract: Identifying microplastics (MPs) in tap water attracted much attention, recently. Present study was aimed to systematically review MPs contamination and characteristics in tap water. All techniques used for sampling, processing and analyzing of MPs in tap water were also assessed. Furthermore, characteristics of MPs, including the abundance, type, color and shape were summarized. Various data bases including Web of Science, PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Springer, and MDPI was searched to find published articles up to January 2025. The occurrence of MPs in tap water was Meta-analyzed using the random effect model. A total of 6100 articles were found, of which 43 were included in the systematic review process. The results indicated that the pooled mean of MPs in tap water is 56.98 P/L. Manual sampling with a sample volume of less than 1 liter has mainly used, and microscopic, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were the common methods of extracting and identifying of MPs. The most abundant polymer identified was Polyethylene (PE), followed by Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP). The fibers and fragments were the dominant forms of MPs found in water. The lack of harmonized protocol and the difficulty of validating MP analysis methods in tap water have led to different and sometimes contradictory data, which makes it difficult and unreliable to compare the results. The results of this systematic review will help to establish a comprehensive protocol and provide a standardized and harmonized method for MP analysis in tap water. Key Words: Microplastics, drinking water, tap water, sampling, identification, characterization
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    Design of active packaging based on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol containing carbon nanoparticles produced from onion peel to increase the shelf life of red meat
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2025) Javdani, Hamed; Ehsani, Ali
    Abstract Background: Food, especially meat products, are exposed to physical, chemical and microbial hazards during storage. Active films containing antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds are used to improve quality, increase shelf life and control pathogens. In the present study, active packaging based on chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol containing carbon nanoparticles produced from onion peel was investigated to increase the shelf life of red meat during 20 days of storage. Material and Methods: To confirm and ensure the performance of the synthesized carbon dot films and nanoparticles, light absorption and fluorescence responses and particle size tests were performed with UV-vis spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer, and DLS device for nanoparticles. Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol films containing carbon dot were prepared by casting method. The properties of transparency, solubility, water vapor permeability, and tensile strength and elongation to elongation of the films were evaluated. In addition, the effects of the films on physical, mechanical properties and microbial tests using E. coli and S. aureus bacteria on red meat were performed at 4°C for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days. Results: The results of mechanical and chemical tests of the films showed that carbon nanoparticles with a size of 3 mm and appropriate uniformity were synthesized and by adding them to the film matrix at concentrations of 0.5-4.5%, they exhibited significant compatibility with the synthesized films based on chitosan and improved important physical and mechanical properties by 2% and 6.3%, respectively. Also, the obtained chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/carbon dot film exhibited significant antibacterial activity (inhibition zone of 17.3 mm for E. coli and 18.3 mm for S. aureus) and high antioxidant properties (free radical inhibition of 56.5% in the DPPH method and 58.9% in the ABTS method). The optimal concentration of carbon dot was also obtained as 2% after conducting the necessary tests for use in film production. Conclusion: This study showed that the film containing carbon nanoparticles obtained from onion peel as a new compound can be used as a suitable option for active food packaging and to increase the shelf life of red meat by inhibiting bacterial growth and improving some physical-mechanical and chemical properties of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol film. Keywords: Active packaging, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, carbon nanoparticles, onion peel extract.
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    Investigating the amounts and distribution of microplastics in the surface soil around the landfill site of Tabriz city in 1401-1402
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2025) Asadi, Mohammadjavad; Taghipour, Hassan
    Abstract Background: With the ever-increasing population and mismanagement of plastic waste, the world, including Iran, is witnessing a rise in waste quantities, particularly plastic waste. This is emerging as a significant threat to the environment. Landfilling remains a widely used method of waste disposal globally. However, no comprehensive study has yet been conducted in Tabriz to assess soil pollution from macro-, meso-, and microplastics around landfill areas. Therefore, given the importance of health and environmental considerations, this study aims to investigate the distribution of microplastics in the surface soil surrounding the landfill in Tabriz City. Methodology: This study was conducted in three stages. In the first stage, both quantitative and qualitative data on municipal solid waste generation in Tabriz were collected based on reports from the Waste Management Organization of the Municipality of Tabriz, along with field observations at the landfill site in northwestern Iran. In the second stage, the distribution of macro, meso, and microplastics in the soil around the landfill in Tabriz City was investigated. To determine their quantities, surface soil samples around the landfill were collected. For sampling from the landfill site, a composite sampling method was used. Samples were taken from the soil to a depth of 20 cm using a metal template with dimensions of 0.5m x 0.5m. The weight of each composite sample is about 2 kg. Sampling was conducted at regular intervals in the direction of the prevailing wind, against the prevailing wind, and in two directions perpendicular to the prevailing wind. A total of 22 samples were analyzed. To identify and assess microplastics, five main steps were taken: 1.Primary screening (for macro- and mesoplastics), 2. Separation based on density (using ZnCl2), 3. Acid digestion, 4. Screening and filtration, 5. Visual sorting. In the third stage of this study, the Raman spectroscopy method was used to determine the characteristics of microplastics in terms of the type of constituent polymers, and the SEM method was used in terms of the surface morphology of microplastics. Results: Findings revealed that although per capita waste generation in Tabriz has decreased in recent years, the current system for managing and landfilling plastic waste remains inadequate. The mean abundance of macro, meso, and microplastics from the surface to a depth of 20 cm in the soil of the landfill site is 2.95±12.62, 1.24±4.79, and 470±188 Item/ kg(dw) was obtained. The statistical results also showed that the prevailing wind in the region did not have a significant effect on the dispersion and distribution of microplastics. The most abundant microplastics in the soil of the studied area belonged to pieces and film-shaped particles, respectively, and the most abundant color was white. Five types of polymers were identified in the soil around the landfill site, the highest and lowest frequencies of which were PS and PA with 40 and 5%, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the decrease in total waste, the percentage of plastic waste entering Tabriz's waste landfill has been increasing in recent years (1384-1402). Key contributors to soil plastic pollution include excessive plastic consumption (especially single-use plastics), rapid lifestyle changes, improper burial practices, and neglect of the waste management hierarchy. Therefore, promoting sustainable lifestyles, minimizing the production and use of plastic, especially packaging materials, and rigorously implementing the waste management hierarchy (avoidance, reduction, segregation, recycling, processing, and proper disposal) are strongly recommended to mitigate environmental impacts, particularly on soil and water resources. Keywords: plastic, microplastic, soil, landfill, waste.
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    An investigation of the surface soil heavy metal pollution and health risk assessment in the western industrial region in Tabriz
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2024) Imani, Masoumeh; Shakerkhatibi, Mohammad
    Background and Objective: The issue of environmental pollution has emerged as a significant global concern in recent years. The process of urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural activities have contributed significantly to environmental contamination, including soil pollution. Heavy metals represent one of the most critical soil pollutants, with the potential to cause significant environmental and health problems. These metals can pose serious risks to human health through direct or indirect exposure, including ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess surface soil contamination with heavy metals in the industrial area west of Tabriz city and evaluate the associated health risks. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted to assess heavy metal contamination in surface soils of the western industrial zone of Tabriz in 2023. A total of 48 soil samples were collected from three areas (highway-adjacent, agricultural, and residential) at a depth of 0–10 cm. Key soil properties, including pH, electrical conductivity, texture, and cation exchange capacity, were determined. After initial preparation and acid digestion, total heavy metal concentrations and their bioavailability in plants and humans were assessed using a single-step extraction method with EDTA and glycine, analyzed by ICP-OES. The health risk assessment was performed based on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines for children (1–17 years) and adults (18+ years). Additionally, the environmental risk of heavy metals was evaluated using the Pollution Index (PI) and the Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI) for the three studied areas. Results: The results indicated that the concentrations of zinc, nickel, chromium, and copper in the surface soils of the industrial region were 71.47, 64.37, 30.96, and 26.30 mg/kg, respectively. The primary sources of contamination were anthropogenic activities, including industrial wastewater discharge, waste disposal, traffic emissions, and agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. Zinc exhibited the highest bioavailability in plants (4.57 mg/kg) and humans (5.93 mg/kg). The highest concentrations of zinc and copper were found in soils near the highway, while nickel, chromium, lead, and arsenic had elevated levels in agricultural and residential soils. Lead and copper in highway-adjacent soils exhibited 33% and 27% plant bioavailability in agricultural areas, whereas cadmium and lead showed the highest plant uptake (23%) in residential soils. In terms of human bioavailability, arsenic and lead near highways had 33% absorption, while arsenic and cadmium in agricultural (29%) and residential (28%) areas had the highest levels. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) values indicated that non-carcinogenic risks for all metals were below the acceptable limit (<1), but the cumulative non-carcinogenic risk (Total HI) was higher in children than in adults. The Carcinogenic Risk (CR) assessment identified nickel and arsenic as the most hazardous metals, with nickel posing a carcinogenic risk through ingestion 60 times higher than the acceptable limit (CR > 10⁻⁶) in children. The PI values confirmed severe heavy metal pollution in the study area, with zinc having the highest contamination level (4.86) near the highway. Chromium (3.27), zinc (3.25), and nickel (3.12) showed high contamination levels in residential soils. The NIPI index revealed that 67% of highway-adjacent soils and 65% of residential soils were highly polluted. Conclusion: Heavy metal contamination in the region’s soils is primarily due to anthropogenic activities, with non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks being higher in children than in adults. Nickel and arsenic were identified as the most hazardous metals, and elevated concentrations of zinc, chromium, and nickel were confirmed in highway-adjacent and residential soils. To mitigate the effects of this contamination, stricter regulations on heavy metal emissions should be enforced. Additionally, industries should be encouraged to adopt cleaner technologies, and environmental monitoring should be intensified. Effective soil remediation methods, such as phytoremediation, along with continuous collaboration among governmental agencies, industries, and local communities, are essential steps in addressing this issue. Keywords: Soil pollution, Heavy metals, Bioavailability, Health risk assessment, Pollution Index
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    The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Supplementation on Serum Levels of Certain Markers Muscle Demage Following Prolonged Aerobic Exercise in Amateur Athletes: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2025) Mohammad Emami, Mohammad Emami; Barzegar, Ali
    Abstract Background: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common physiological issue in athletes. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, Ginkgo biloba may help reduce exercise-induced muscle damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ginkgo biloba supplementation on markers of muscle soreness following exhaustive aerobic exercise in non-professional male athletes. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 24 non-professional male athletes were randomly assigned to two groups: a supplement group (receiving 200 mg/day of Ginkgo biloba) and a placebo group, for a duration of two weeks. At the end of the supplementation period, a Bruce treadmill test was performed to induce muscle fatigue. Blood samples were collected at four time points (before intervention, after two weeks, immediately post-exercise, and 24 hours post-exercise). Data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean serum levels of myoglobin, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly lower in the Ginkgo biloba group compared to the placebo group. Additionally, DOMS intensity was significantly reduced in the supplement group both immediately after exercise and 24 hours later. However, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen pulse were not significantly affected by the supplementation, and no significant differences were observed between the groups. Conclusion: Ginkgo biloba supplementation may reduce muscle damage and DOMS severity after intense aerobic exercise. It may serve as an effective nutritional strategy to accelerate muscle recovery in non-professional athletes. Keywords: Ginkgo biloba, muscle soreness, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, non-professional athlete.
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    The effect of boron supplementation on nutritional status, kidney stone size, improvement of clinical symptoms and some biochemical indicators of serum and urine in patients with kidney stones: a double-blind controlled clinical trial
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2024) Vousoughi, Gita; Ostad Rahimi, Alireza
    Keywords: Boron supplement, anthropometric indicators, serum and urine biochemical indicators, kidney stone size, quality of life, clinical symptoms, food frequen Background: Kidney stone disease is one of the most common urinary tract diseases with a high recurrence rate. In recent years, the role of trace elements in kidney stone formation has been considered and it has been shown that some trace elements may increase or decrease the rate of crystallization process. Some studies have suggested that boron supplementation may be effective in the prevention or treatment of kidney stones. The present study was designed to determine the effect of boron supplementation on nutritional status, kidney stone size, improvement of clinical symptoms and some serum and urine biochemical indices in patients with kidney stones. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted as a double-blind clinical trial on 53 patients aged 20 to 65 years with kidney stones. For this purpose, eligible individuals were selected using a general call and after completing the consent form, they were randomly assigned to one of three supplement groups with a combination of boron citrate, boric acid, and placebo. Boron citrate and boric acid supplements at a dose of 10 mg (based on studies) and placebo containing corn starch at a similar dose were packaged in capsules in similar containers and given to the subjects every four weeks. The subjects consumed one capsule of the aforementioned supplements daily for an 8-week study period. At the beginning and end of the study, blood was drawn (after 10-12 hours of fasting) to determine serum levels of ionized calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, urea, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase, as well as urine sample collection and analysis of urine composition. The size of the kidney stones was determined by ultrasound at the beginning and end of the study. Demographic information, clinical symptoms of the patients, quality of life and food frequency were examined using relevant questionnaires. Also, the subjects were asked not to change their diet and physical activity during the study. The data were analyzed with SPSS. 26 software and using appropriate statistical methods for each variable and adjusting for confounding variables such as age and gender and baseline values and body weight. Results: In the present study, boron supplementation did not significantly reduce most anthropometric indices compared to placebo. Although a small but significant decrease in BMI and weight was observed in the boron citrate intervention group compared to the initial levels. In comparing the three groups at the end of the study, only the waist-to-hip ratio showed a significant difference between the three groups after adjusting for confounding variables (models 1 and 2) (P = 0.047 and P = 0.048, respectively), which resulted in a significant change in the boron citrate group compared to the changes in the other groups. Also, during the comparison of groups in terms of biochemical indices, only a significant and relatively significant decrease in blood urea level was observed in the boric acid group (P = 0.013) compared to the initial values and also compared to the other groups, and urinary phosphorus level was observed in the boron citrate group (P = 0.02) compared to the initial values.Although no statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of the number and size of kidney stones, clinical symptoms, and quality of life, based on the results obtained, there was a slight but clinically significant decrease in stone size in all 3 groups, which was statistically significant only in the boric acid group compared to the beginning of the study (P = 0.044). In terms of the number of kidney stones, there was also a slight and significant decrease in the boric acid group compared to the beginning of the study (P = 0.046). Comparison of changes before and after intervention in each group showed that boron citrate significantly reduced the sensation of pain in the side, back, and under the ribs (P = 0.016) and reduced nausea and vomiting (P = 0.039), and boric acid significantly reduced the fluctuation of pain intensity, with periods of continuous pain lasting 20-60 minutes (P = 0.031) and the sensation of pain from the side and back to the lower abdomen and groin (P = 0.031) and a significant reduction in bloody, dark, foul-smelling urine (P = 0.08). Both boric acid and boron citrate significantly reduced the constant feeling of needing to urinate (P = 0.031 and P = 0.016, respectively). Conclusion: In the present study, boron supplementation did not significantly reduce most of the anthropometric and biochemical indices of serum and urine compared to placebo, and only waist-to-hip ratio, blood urea, and urine phosphate showed significant reductions compared to placebo. Therefore, more trials with higher doses and duration of intervention and more biochemical studies seem necessary to confirm the results.
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    Investigating the application of chitosan/soy protein isolate packaging containing green nanoparticles and anthocyanins derived from pistachio skin (exopericarp) to increase the shelf life of rainbow salmon
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2024) Hadavifar, Sepideh; Ehsani, Ali
    Abstract The shift in consumer preferences towards nutritious foods with extended shelf life has prompted the adoption of innovative approaches in food packaging methods, notably the integration of smart packaging. This technology integrates principles from food science, analytical chemistry, polymer science, electronics, and biomedical engineering. Smart materials, integral to this technology, are characterized by their ability to monitor the ambient conditions surrounding the food and relay appropriate information to consumers regarding both the food product and its environmental settings, including factors like temperature and pH levels. Unlike active packaging strategies, smart packaging does not involve the release of compounds into the food; instead, it relies on interactive indicators, often comprising color-based compounds, to evaluate the chemical and microbial integrity of food items. This interactive feature facilitates assessments of variables such as temperature fluctuations during storage, regulation of oxygen levels, and monitoring the activity of foodborne microorganisms. Objective: The objective of this research is to explore the efficacy of chitosan/soy protein isolate packaging incorporating green nanoparticles and anthocyanins sourced from pistachio shell exopericarp in prolonging the shelf life of rainbow trout. Material and methods: The experimental procedures began with the creation of a biopolymer blend comprising chitosan/soy protein isolate infused with green nanoparticles through a single-step hydrothermal synthesis, alongside the extraction of anthocyanins sourced from pistachio shells. Glycerol was later integrated into the solution to serve as a stabilizing agent in the film fabrication process. Subsequently, the manufactured films underwent testing through mechanical assessments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Lastly, the impact of these films on extending the shelf life of rainbow trout was evaluated. Results: The outcomes of the research indicated the development of a uniform film with enhanced physical and mechanical attributes. These biopolymer films possessed a range of desirable qualities, including full protection against UV radiation, potent antibacterial effects against Listeria, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, and Pseudomonas strains with inhibitory zones measuring approximately 21.42, 18.64, 16.73, and 15.62 mm, respectively, along with robust antioxidant properties. Additionally, the films exhibited discernible color changes in reaction to pH buffers (ranging from 2 to 12) and volatile ammonia. In experimental testing involving CS/SPI/PHPA/PHP/-CD film packaging under two specific scenarios—a "smart test" monitoring fish freshness and an "active test" at 4°C—it was observed that the film changed color from light pink (indicative of fresh fish) to yellow/brown (indicative of spoiled fish) in scenario one, while in scenario two, it demonstrated the potential to extend the fish's shelf life by up to 12 days. The study illustrated the remarkable compatibility of these polymer films, positioning them as a highly promising option for swift and efficient on-site food quality assessment. Furthermore, their demonstrated ability to prolong the shelf life of fish and mitigate quality degradation during storage positions them as a standout candidate for versatile film applications within the food sector. Conclusion: In summary, the development of multi-functional active and smart indicator films utilizing CD and anthocyanins sourced from pistachio hulls was successfully achieved. The integration of these compounds exhibited strong compatibility with CS/SPI-based films, leading to enhancements in the physical, mechanical, and microstructural characteristics of the films. The resulting CS/SPI/PHPA/PHP/-CD film demonstrated exceptional properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and UV-blocking capabilities, rendering it an excellent choice for packaging material. The film's visual color response to pH buffers and volatile ammonia was shown to be highly sensitive, presenting a gradual color shift from light pink to yellowish brown, easily discernible to the naked eye. This color transition remained consistent throughout the storage of fish samples, alongside parameters like PTC, PV, TVC, TBA, and TVB-N. Ultimately, the CS/SPI/PHPA/PHP/-CD films, acting as both smart and active materials, hold promise in extending the shelf life of food products and empowering consumers to visually assess the quality of stored food at refrigerated and ambient temperatures. The potential applications of these films in the food packaging industry offer significant prospects for improving food safety, enhancing quality, and reducing food wastage. Keywords: Smart and active packaging, chitosan, pistachio shell extract, green nanoparticles, carbon dots
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    The effect of curcumin supplementation on nutritional status, glucose and lipid pattern, blood pressure, inflammatory status, oxidative stress, infection and early graft function in patients after kidney transplantation
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2025) Nosrati-Oskouie, Mohammad; Tarighat-Esfanjani, Ali
    Abstract Introduction: Kidney transplant recipients face numerous complications, including delayed graft function (DGF), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Curcumin has demonstrated potential in mitigating these factors and improving renal function; however, existing studies report conflicting results. This study aimed to investigate the effects of curcumin-piperine supplementation on glycemic and lipid profiles, blood pressure, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, hematologic indices, infection rates, and early renal function in post-transplant patients. Methods and Materials: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 50 brain-dead donor kidney recipients were randomly assigned to either a supplement or placebo group. The intervention group received one daily capsule containing 500 mg curcumin with 5 mg piperine, while the placebo group received 505 mg maltodextrin for 90 days. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline and endpoint using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Serum lipid and glucose profiles, hematologic parameters, renal function markers (creatinine reduction ratio for DGF assessment), inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, CRP), oxidative stress indicators (glutathione peroxidase), and infection rates (via urine/blood/drain cultures, leukocyte esterase, and procalcitonin levels) were measured. Results: At baseline, only BMI differed significantly between groups (lower in the curcumin group). After adjusting for baseline values and BMI, the curcumin group exhibited significantly lower CRP, serum creatinine, total cholesterol/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios compared to placebo (p < 0.05). Curcumin supplementation also reduced DGF incidence. Covariance analysis revealed higher protein intake, HDL-C levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, and ≥30% creatinine reduction (day 2 vs. day 1 post-transplant) in the curcumin group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Curcumin-piperine supplementation may improve dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and early graft function in kidney transplant recipients. These findings suggest its potential as an adjunct therapy for post-transplant complications. Larger, long-term studies are warranted to validate these outcomes. Keywords: Curcumin, delayed graft function, kidney transplantation, inflammation, oxidative stress
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    تأثیر مکمل‌یاری کورکومین بر وضعیت تغذیه، الگوی قند و لیپید، فشارخون، وضعیت التهاب، استرس اکسیداتیو، شاخص‌های هماتولوژیک، عفونت و عمل‌کرد اولیه‌ی کلیه در بیماران پس از پیوند کلیه
    (دانشگاه علوم پژشکی تبریز/ دانشکده تغذیه وعلوم غذایی, 2025) نصرتی اسکوئی, محمد; طریقت اسفنجانی, علی
    مقدمه: گیرندگان پیوند کلیه با عوارضی از جمله عمل‌کرد تاخیری کلیه‌، بیماری قلبی-عروقی، فشارخون بالا، اختلالات چربی و قندخون، التهاب و استرس اکسیداتیو روبه رو هستند. از سوی دیگر، کورکومین می‌تواند در کاهش این عوامل و بهبود عمل‌کرد کلیه نقش داشته باشد، اما نتایج در مطالعات متناقض گزارش شده است. بنابراین مطالعه‌ی حاضر با هدف بررسی کورکومین-پی‌پرین بر الگوی قند و چربی‌خون، فشارخون، التهاب، استرس اکسیداتیو، شاخص‌های هماتولوژیک، عفونت و عمل‌کرد اولیه‌ی کلیه در بیماران پس از پیوند کلیه انجام شد. روش کار و مواد: در این کارآزمایی تصادفی دو سوکور، 50 گیرنده‌ی پیوند کلیه از مرگ مغزی به طور تصادفی به دو گروه دریافت‌کننده مکمل و دارونما اختصاص داده شدند. افراد در گروه مکمل روزانه یک کپسول حاوی mg 500 کورکومین به همراه mg5 پی‌پرین و در گروه دارونما یک کپسول حاوی mg 505 مالتودکسترین به مدت 90 روز دریافت کردند. دریافت‌های غذایی با استفاده از پرسش‌نامه‌ی بسامد خوراک که روایایی آن به روش صوری و محتوایی ارزیابی شده بود در ابتدا و انتهای مطالعه جمع‌آوری شد. در ابتدا و انتهای مطالعه شاخص‌های چربی و قندخون، هماتولوژیک، عمل‌کرد کلیه، التهاب و استرس اکسیداتیو اندازه‌گیری شد. عمل‌کرد تاخیری کلیه پیوندی با استفاده از نسبت کاهش کراتی‌نین در روزهای اول پس از پیوند بررسی شد. بروز عفونت در طول مطالعه با استفاده از کشت ادرار، خون و ترشحات درن، باکتری و میزان لکوسیت استراز ادرار و سطح پروکلسی‌تونین بررسی شد. یافته¬ها: نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که افراد در گروه کورکومین نمایه‌ی توده‌ی بدنی پایین‌تری در مقایسه با دارونما داشتند، اما سایر شاخص‌ها در ابتدای مطالعه اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد. پس از تعدیل برای مقادیر پایه و نمایه‌ی توده‌ی بدنی، سطح پروتئین واکنشی C (CRP) و کراتینین سرم و همچنین نسبت کلسترول تام به کلسترول لیپوپروتئین پرچگالی (HDL-C) و نسبت کلسترول لیپوپروتئین کم‌چگالی (LDL-C) به HDL-C در گروه کورکومین در مقایسه با گروه دارونما به طور معنی‌داری پایین‌تر بود. علاوه براین، مکمل‌یاری با کورکومین سبب کاهش در میزان بروز عمل‌کرد تاخیری کلیه‌ی پیوندی شد. در پایان مطالعه با استفاده از آنالیز کوواریانس، دریافت پروتئین، سطح HDL-C، گلوتاتیون پراکسیداز و همچنین کاهش حداقل 30 درصد در کراتی‌نین روز 2 نسبت به روز 1 پس از پیوند در گروه کورکومین در مقایسه با گروه دارونما به طور معنی‌داری بالاتر بود. نتیجه¬گیری: یافته‌های این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که احتمالاً مکمل‌یاری با کورکومین-پی‌پرین می‌تواند در کاهش اختلالات چربی‌خون، التهاب و استرس اکسیداتیو و همچنین در بهبود عمل‌کرد اولیه‌ی کلیه‌ی پیوندی مؤثر باشد. این نتایج نشان می‌دهد کورکومین-پی‌پرین ممکن است به عنوان یک عامل کمکی در مدیریت عوارض پس از پیوند کلیه مفید باشد. پیشنهاد می‌شود که استفاده از کورکومین-پی‌پرین در گیرندگان پیوند کلیه مورد توجه قرار گیرد. انجام مطالعات بیشتر با حجم نمونه بزرگ‌تر و دوره پیگیری طولانی‌تر برای تأیید این یافته‌ها و بررسی اثرات بلندمدت این مکمل ضروری است. واژه¬های کلیدی: کورکومین، عمل‌کرد تاخیری کلیه، پیوند کلیه، التهاب، استرس اکسیداتیو
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    Investigating the relationship between socio-economic status and driving performance in drivers in Tabriz city based on the population covered by the traffic cohort
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2024) Garshasbi , Fariborz; Golestani, Mina
    bstract Introduction and purpose: The main factor in traffic accidents, as the leading cause of disability and mortality, is risky driving behavior. Identification of factors affecting it can be effective in reducing these risky behaviors. Investigating the impact of individuals' socioeconomic status on driving performance can be effective in planning more appropriate interventions to reduce the consequences of traffic accidents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between socio economic status and drivers' performance based on cohort study of traffic. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study based on data from the Population-Based Traffic Cohort Study (Persian Cohort) which was conducted with the participation of 450 drivers living in Tabriz city from 2019 to 2022. The data collection tools included the socio-economic status questionnaire and the Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ). The socio-economic status questionnaire included 6 components: the occupation of the head of household (main source of income), the number of years of education completed by the head of household, the total monthly income of household members, the monetary value of personal housing, the monetary value of personal car, and the share of health care costs in total household expenses. To determine the overall score of this questionnaire, the scores for questions 4, 5, and 6 were multiplied by 0.33 and then the scores for the 6 components were added together. Quintiles were used to classify socioeconomic status and individuals were placed in one of the following categories based on their socioeconomic status score: very poor, poor, average, good, and very good. The maximum score that a participant could obtain from the socioeconomic status questionnaire was 26.61. The Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire included 27 questions that examined four types of risky driving behaviors including: slips (8 questions), errors (8 questions), aggressive violations (8 questions), and common violations (3 questions). The minimum and maximum scores for the three components of slips, errors, and ordinary violations are 0 and 40, respectively, and for the component of aggressive violations are 0 and 15, respectively. In this questionnaire, a lower driving score means better driving performance (fewer violations) and a higher score means worse driving performance (more violations). The questionnaires were distributed by the Traffic Research Center interviewers among eligible individuals, then the participants in the study answered the questionnaire questions in a self-declared manner. The completed questionnaires were collected by the Traffic Research Center interviewers and the information was recorded. The data was analyzed using STATA version 17 software. To examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and driving performance, partial Spearman's rank correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis rank test were used. Results: According to the findings of the study, most of the participants were male (65.3%), married (72%), in the age range of 41-50 years (24.22%) and had a high school diploma (48.2%). The mean score of the total socioeconomic status of participnats was 14.85 and the median score was 14.3. The maximum socioeconomic status score achievable by participants was 26.61. More than 41% of participnats had a good or higher socio-economic status. The mean total performance score of the participnats was 8.17. Aggressive violations achived highest mean score (12.05) and the lowest score is related to the slips (5.72). The mean driving performance score was higher in men than in women. No statistically significant relationship was found between socio-economic and driving performance among participnats. A marginally significant positive correlation was identified between socioeconomic status and the domains of slippage, prevalent (unintentional) infractions, as well as the aggregate driving performance score among the participants. Conclusion: Considering that there was no statistically significant relationship between socio-economic status and driving performance, a marginally positive significant correlation was observed between socioeconomic status and the domains of slips and common (unintentional) violations and the total driving performance score among the participants. Given that the average driving performance score was higher in men than in women, which indicates a higher incidence of risky driving behavior in men compared to women, and that there are usually more male drivers than female drivers in society, policymakers in this field should focus more on men in planning and implementing relevant interventions. Also, based on the results, people who were in the good and very good socioeconomic status categories had higher driving performance scores, which indicates that these people tend to commit more violations. Therefore, it is recommended that the causes of people's tendency to engage in risky driving and driving should be investigated in the form of an operational research project by the relevant organizations and in collaboration with academics, and the most obvious factor in these people's tendency to commit violations and risky driving should be identified, and effective planning should be made to reduce these people's tendency. In addition, the results of the study showed that aggressive (intentional) violations received the highest score among the participants, which can be caused by anger, discomfort, or insecurity that the person may or may not be aware of. In view of this issue, it is necessary to determine how to respond to people who suffer from passive aggression using the experiences and knowledge of experts in the field of psychology and use it in planning to reduce traffic accidents. Keywords: socio-economic status, driving performance, drivers, driving behavior, raffic cohort, Tabriz