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The Effect of Sensory Stimulation on Quality of Life of the Elderly and Their fall-efficacy for Coping with the Fear of Falling: A Quasi-Experimental Study
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2020) Esmaeilnezhad, Mahdieh; Ghojazadeh, Morteza; Nursing Education; Seyyed Rasouli, Aleheh; Goljaryan, Sakineh
Abstract: Background: Aging causes major changes that affect the performance of all senses, and as a result, a critical change in the quality of life is expected. Falling and the fear of falling is one of the major health risks that affect the quality of life among elderly, threatening their independent living. Due to the cultural considerations of Iran and the precious dignity of the elderly, and the lack of proper studies to compare the mentioned interventions, this study was conducted to determine the effect of sensory stimulation on coping with the fear of falling, and quality life in the older population to improve the quality of life in the elderly and reduce the problems associated with aging, including the fall of the elderly. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental, before and after, single-blind study to assess the effect of sensory stimulation on coping with the fear of falling, and quality life in the older population using the Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire and Falls Efficacy Scale-International tools into four intervention groups (music, photo album, aromatherapy, and hand massage) and one control group. Descriptive data were reported as mean (standard deviation) and frequency (%). An analysis of covariance was used to compare the different dimensions of QoL among the studied groups, taking into account the pre-intervention scores as a covariate. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software program, version 16.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois) and a value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Inclusion criteria of being over 60, awareness of time and place, no hearing, olfactory, and visual impairment, no orthopedic, rheumatologic and neurological disorders leading to pain. The exclusion criterion was the absence for more than three times during the study and hospitalization and allergy to almond oil and lavender. Results: This study was performed on 80 elderly.The mean (SD) age of participants in this study was 67.84 (4.90) years. Female were 53.8% and male were 46.3%. 42.5% of the subjects had an academic education. 38.8% had a low economic status, and 53.8% had an equal income and expense. Comparison of changes in the QoL scores and fall efficacy in coping with fall before and after the intervention showed no significant differences in the changes of the components and the total score (p > 0.05). Conclusions: As this study showed that multi stimuli interventions have no effect in the QoL and fall-efficacy
The Rate of Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke in first Round High School Students at MALEKAN City and its Relationship with Body Mass Index, Academic Self-regulation and Academic Achievement (1397)
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2020) Rashidi Maleki, Mina; Nursing Education; Sahebihagh, Mohammad hasan; Mohammadpour Asl, Asgar
Abstract Introduction: Smoking In addition to causing adverse effects and side effects on the consumer,Causing other people to be exposed to environmental cigarette smoke at home, Workplace or public places and this can cause complications for the person and family of the smoker. Exposure to environmental cigarette smoke increases the risk of premature death from cardiovascular disease and brain disease. According to the World Health Organization Half of the world's children are exposed to environmental cigarette smoke that threatens their health. Some researchers have shown that there is a relationship between inactive cigarette smoke and mental disorders. They found that exposure to cigarette smoke can increase levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which can gradually affect mood, cognition, and behavior. In addition, recurrent ear infections, severe asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioral problems, metabolic syndrome and sudden infant death syndrome can also be mentioned. Given that the number of Iranian students is about 14 million and on the other hand, health professionals are the main proponents of tobacco prevention,Therefore, this study aimed to investigate exposure to environmental cigarette smoke in first grade high school students of Malekan city and its relation with body mass index, academic self-regulation and academic achievement (1397). Methods and Materials: This study was a Descriptive-correlation study. The study population was first grade high school students in Malekan city. Participants included 647 high school students. Random sampling was performed. Data collection tool was a 5 part questionnairewhich measured demographic characteristics, educational attainment of height and weight, exposure to environmental cigarette smoke, and academic self-regulation. Validity of the instrument was formal and reliability of the instrument was assessed by test-retest method. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The average exposure to environmental cigarette smoke in first grade high school students in Malekan city was 0.5 hours in the last 24 hours, 1.2 hours per week, and 406 hours per day. In this study 50.8% of children were exposed to environmental cigarette smoke and 49.2% of children did not. In the current study, 46.2% of participants lived at home with a smoker. Findings of this study showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between peripheral smoking and academic self-regulation and academic achievement of students (P-value <0.001) andalso, students exposed to environmental cigarette smoke had a higher BMI than non-exposed or less exposed students (P-value <0.001). Conclusion: Given the association between environmental cigarette smoke exposure and academic self-regulation, academic achievement and body mass index are important in keeping children away from it and it is recommended that health and education policy makers and families design and implement basic planning to combat environmental cigarette smoke.
Evaluation of anti-fungal effect of effervescent centaining ginger in patients, with denture osteomatitis
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry, 2020) Alipour someh, Mohammad reza; eslami, hossein; samadi kafil, hossein; Dental Prosthesis; fakhrzadeh, vahid
Introduction: Ginger has inhibitory effects on the growth of bacteria and fungi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of ginger effervescent tablets in patients with denturesteomatitis. Materials and Methods: In this study, 18 patients were admitted based on clinical presentation and approval of an oral and prosthetic specialist in terms of denture stomatitis and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The dentures of these patients were borrowed from them for 24 hours. The dentures were divided into three groups of six. The first group was placed in a solution containing ginger effervescent tablet (manufactured by Dana Pharmaceutical Company of Tabriz) for 3, 5 and 7 hours (2 hands of denture each time). The second group (dirt control) consisted of dentures that were placed in a dilute solution of 10% sodium hypochlorite for 30 minutes as a positive control group and the third group was immersed in distilled water. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 statistical software and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: In the hyporat group, after 30 minutes, the amount of bacteria, yeast and mold reaches about zero. In the group of ginger effervescent tablets, after 3 hours, there is a significant reduction in the number of bacteria and yeast. At 5 and 7 hours, there is a decreasing trend in the number of bacteria and yeast, but this amount is not statistically significant. There is no significant change in distilled water. Conclusion: Comparing the number of colonies in the group of 10% sodium hypochlorite and effervescent ginger tablets showed that in all three times the amount of colony in the ginger group is significantly higher than the hypochlorite group. As a result, it can be said that ginger has antimicrobial effects on denture stomatitis.
Structural mechanism study of KRpep2d anti-cancer peptide interaction with wild type and mutant KRAS using molecular dynamic simulation
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2020) Pashapour Anoosheh, Jeiran; Hejazi, Mohammad Saeid; Mehdizadeh Aghdam, Elnaz; Barzegar, Abolfazl
Background: Cancer is one of the major health concerns worldwide, and there is an ongoing effort to find novel treatment approaches. RAS Proteins play a pivotal role in the proliferation pathways, and their mutations can lead to persistent RAS activation and cancerous cells. In this regard, KRpep2d is an anticancer peptide against KRAS(G12D) mutant, but its exact mechanism of action is unknown. Objective: In this study, the molecular mechanism of KRpep2d on the inhibition of mutant KRAS via the MD simulation method is investigated. Methods: MD simulations of KRAS variants in the free and complex form with KRpep2d were carried out via "GROMACS" software. Supplementary analyses were performed after the simulation of each system. The distance variations of residues in different simulation systems, were conducted to define conformational changes. Moreover, the affinities of KRpep2d and the nucleotide to KRAS were measured by the "Umbrella Sampling" method. Also, residue interactions and β2-strand length of KRAS variants were calculated by "LigPlot plus" software and DSSP plugin of "GROMACS" software, respectively. System snapshots were represented by "CHIMERA UCSF" software. Results: It was shown that KRpep2d binding to the KRAS(G12D) makes the GTP move from the P-loop location. On the other hand, KRpep2d reduces the size of the effector binding region (β2-strand) of KRAS mutants. It was also observed that KRpep2d decreases and increases the Switch II and Switch I flexibility, respectively, in KRAS(G12D). All these results were exclusive for KRAS(G12D). Additionally, the parameters of β2-strand length and the affinity of KRpep2d were combined to measure relative activity. The acquired relative activity was the minimum for KRAS(G12D). Conclusion: KRpep2d shows anticancer activity on KRAS(G12D) by expelling the nucleotide from its location and reducing the β2-strand as the effector binding region of KRAS.
Comparison of the Health -Promoting Lifestyle and Quality of Life in affected and Unaffected Menopausal Women by Osteoporosis: A Case -Control Study
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2020) Abdolalipour, Somayeh; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan; Midwifery; Farshbaf Khalili, Azizeh; Mohammad Alizadeh Charandabi, Sakineh
Abstract: Introduction: Primary osteoporosis is a common complication of aging and menopause. The negative effects of osteoporosis in the coming years will increase by increasing life expectancy and population aging. The purpose of this research was to compare health-promoting lifestyle and quality of life in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis. Method: This cross-sectional analytical research was conducted on 445 postmenopausal women aged 50-65 selected by simple random sampling in Tabriz health centers from September 2018 to July 2019. One group consisted of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and the other group consisted of postmenopausal women with normal bone mass. Data collection instruments included demographic, midwifery, anthropometric, HPLP-II and MENQOL questionnaires, serum tests checklist (25-hydroxy vitamin D, FSH, CBC/diff, TSH, FBS, Ca). DEXA method was used to measure bone density. Data were analyzed by SPSS/24 through descriptive and inferential statistics such as chi-square, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, and multiple regression. Results: The mean score of lifestyle was 141.2±21.9 in normal and 127.2±25.4 in osteoporosis group and differences were statistically significant in total score (P<0.001) and all sub-domains. The mean score of quality of life was 3.9± 1.2 in the normal and 4.5±1.4 in the osteoporotic group. The differences were significant in total score (P<0.001) and all sub-domains except for sexual function sub-domain (P=0.064). Multiple logistic regression indicated by one unit increase in total lifestyle score, the odds of osteoporosis reduced 2.2% [adjusted OR (0.95% CI): 0.978 (0.963 to 0.994), P=0.006]. Conclusion: In order to prevent of osteoporosis and improve the quality of life of postmenopausal women, it seems that education and implementation of health-promoting lifestyle in the form of community-based care is essential.
Phytochemical investigation of Artemisia marschalliana
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, faculty of Pharmacy, 2020) Rasoulitash, Zhaleh; Nazemiye, Hossein; Esnaashari, Solmaz; Asgharian, Parina; Heshmati Afshar, Fariba
Introduction: Artemisia marschalliana (Asteraceae) is one of the reported 34 species of genus Artemisia growing in Iran known as ‘Darman-e Arasbaaraani’. Goals: Due to numerous reported biological effects from genus Artemisia, It is rational to carry out a study on phytochemical analysis of A. marschalliana and subsequently separation and purification of chemical compounds. Method: Different extracts of this plant (n-hexane, DCM and MeOH), have been obtained using a soxhlet apparatous respectively. Subsequently, the methanolic extract was dried and subjected to a C18 sep-pack using a step gradient of MeOH/water, to get different fractions. Chemical structure of 5 separated compounds were elucidated with 13CNMR and 1HNMR and one with COSY, HSQC, HMBC and DEPT. Essential oil extraction is carried out with water distillation method using a Clevenger device and essence content was determined by GC-MS analysis. Moreover, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties of extracts were determined by DPPH reagent and Disc diffusion and MIC methods, correspondingly. In addition, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were performed as well. Results: Phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract yielded phenolic, phenylethanoid & benzoic acid derivatives. GC/MS analysis of essential oil led to identification of 38 compounds mostly terpenoids. Methanolic extract and to be more detailed, the 20% and 40% fractions, revealed the most anti-oxidant property and total phenol and total flavonoid contents, respectively. It is noteworthy that n-hexane extract exibited the most anti-microbial effect. Conclusion: Phytochemical investigation of methanolic extract led to 5 non-volatile and 38 volatile compounds. Presence of phenolic derivatives seems to be an important feature to show different biological activity.
Assessing the health and safety status (HSE) of radiology and radiotherapy wards of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences hospitals and comparing the incidence of cancer in the staff of these wards with individuals
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2020) Azmoon, Pejman; Asghari, Mohammad; Health, Safety and environment managmaent; Dehghanzadeh, Reza
Introduction: Ionizing radiations are one of the harmful agents of the workplace that could cause serious, irreversible, and incurable injuries to people who are exposed to these radiations. Radiologist and radiotherapists are of people exposing to high levels of radiations compared to others in the community. The long-term effects of exposure to low up to moderate amounts of radiation may appear after many years. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of considering principles of health, safety, and environmental conditions in the workplace on the dose received and the prevalence of cancer among radiologist and radiotherapists. Material and Methods: In this study, 8 hospitals, including 17 departments of radiology, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, angiography were examined. The number of people working in these departments was 303; all of them were studied to determine the dose received and the level of safety attitude. The study was carried out in several sections as a cross-sectional and retrospective study. The prevalence of cancer in this community has been compared with the registered cases of cancer in the national population cancer registration system. The safety checklist, health requirements, and environmental guidelines were also reviewed using the information checklist. Results: The results of the safety attitude survey showed that the average score of the safety attitude among 216 of the 303 participants in this part of the study was more than 75 out of 100. The average overall score obtained by checking checklist items in all hospitals on average in the three sections of radiation safety, general safety and emergency conditions were 75.5±10.22, 88.23±8.57, and 47.05± 10.59, respectively. The prevalence of cancer was not observed in the subjects, so there was no statistically significant relationship between safety, health and environmental principles and the prevalence of cancer. Conclusion: In this study, the safety attitude of the people was more than average and therefore shows the positive attitude of the employees of the radiation departments towards observing the safety items. Due to the lack of cancer prevalence among radiation practitioners, there was no statistically significant relationship between safety, health and environmental principles with cancer prevalence. However, considering the positive attitude of employees and observing safety principles, the dose received in most people was standard, so it can be concluded that positive attitude, observance of safety and health principles can have positive effects on employee health in these areas.
Comparison of the two way of sintering procedure with polishing or glazing on flexural strength of monolithic zirconia fixed dental prosthesis
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, 2020) Sabanik, Pouya; Koodaryan, Roudabeh; Dental Prosthesis; Hafez-Ghoran, Ali
Introduction: New ceramics while maintaining their aesthetic, they show acceptable strength, and zirconia is an example of these ceramics. The main goal of this study is comparison of the two way of sintering procedures with polishing or glazing on flexural strength of monolithic zirconia fixed dental prosthesis. Methods & Materials: In this study there was 40 three-unit fixed dental prosthesis that extended from the first mandibular premolar to the first mandibular molar. Before the milling process the prepared teeth in typodont was scanned and the prosthesis designed in CAD unit, also the impression was taken from prepared teeth in typodont and a cobalt-chromium die was made and used in three point bending test. After that the prosthesis were milled from monolithic zirconia blank in CAM unit. The samples are divided into two groups according to their Fast or Long sintering speed (20 samples for each group) and then half of each group (10 samples) were polished with an electric handpiece in revers mode and 10000rpm speed and the other half of each group (10 samples) were glazed. The failure load was measured in Newton with three point bending test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Results: the highest failure load was seen in long sintering groups and in total the greatest failure load was seen in long sintering/polished group (2026.5 ± 172.8 N) and the least failure load was seen in fast sintering/glazed group (1719.6 ± 143.9 N). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean fracture force in the two sintering methods (P-value<0.001), also in both groups of long sintering and fast sintering, polished subgroups have the greatest failure load than glazed subgroups but this difference is not statistically significant (P-value>0.05). Conclusion: zirconia is a firm dental material for preparing full contour dental restorations. To obtain the maximum amount of failure load in this kind of restorations it is better to use long term sintering protocol.
Effect of Self-care Counseling on Depression and Anxiety in Women with Endometriosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2020) Farshi, Nooshin; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan; Midwifery; Hasanpour, Shirin; Esmaeilpour, Khalil
Abstract: Introduction: Considering the prevalence of endometriosis and depression and anxiety caused by this disease and its effect on the body, mind and quality of life of patients, this study was performed to determine the effect of self-care counseling on depression and anxiety (first outcome), and quality of life of women with endometriosis (secondary outcome). Material and methods This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 76 women with endometriosis who were treated in Al-Zahra Teaching and Treatment Center of Tabriz between 1394 and 1398. The patients were divided into intervention (counselling) and control groups using random blocking method. For the intervention group, self-care group counseling was held weekly for 7 sessions. The control group did not receive any care. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Spline Berger Anxiety Inventory, Socio-demographic Questionnaire, and SF36 Quality of Life Questionnaires were completed by the researcher through an interview before and four weeks after the intervention. Finding No statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups in terms of personal social characteristics (p>0/05). After intervention mean (standard deviation) of state anxiety score (mean difference: -0.12, 95% confidence interval: -9.6 to -14.4, p<0.001) and trait anxiety (mean difference: -10.9: 95% confidence interval: -9.1 to -12.7, p=0.001) were significantly lower than control group and mean score of depression in counseling group was less than control group but it was not significant (p=0/565). Mean score of quality of life in terms of physical health (mean difference= 17.2, 95% confidence interval: from 13.8 to 20.5, p<0.001) and in terms of mental health (mean difference = 12.0, 95% confidence interval: 9.0 to 14.9, p<0.001) were significantly upper in counselling group. Conclusion: Self-care counselling is effective on anxiety and quality of life of women with endometriosis. So in addition to other therapies, this method is recommended it is recommended to improve the mental health of patients with this disease.
Copmparion of the short term outcome of preterm infants with three different umbilical cord clamping methods
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 2020) Yasrebi Niya, Sanaz; Mostafa Garebaghi, Mnigheh; Mostafa Garebaghi, Parvin
The recommended method of handling the umbilical cord has been changed turn over last years and current knowledge and research has led the direction to delayed clamping and cord milking. There are various studies to identify the feasibility and safety of each techniques compared with conventional immediate clamping, but the final outcome is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the primary outcome of umbilical cord milking and delayed cord clamping compared with immediate cord clamping in preterm deliveries. Material and Method: In a single-center, prospective clinical trial, 90 preterm infants, born 28-32 weeks gestation (weight< 1500 g), were enrolled. Infants were randomly assigned in three equal groups (N= 30 in each) based on the clamping method at time of delivery. The primary outcomes were the admission hemoglobin, hemoglobin level within first month and at discharge, serum bilirubin level, rates of phototherapy, duration of hospitalization, need for blood transfusion and transfer, rates of oxygen ventilation, rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and rates of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Results: Demographic factors were similar between groups. Infants in cord milking group had a higher admission hemoglobin compared with immediate clamping (p<0.01) and higher hemoglobin level at one-month evaluation compared to each group. Cord clamping infant did not occur to have IVH, lower rate of need for oxygen ventilation, and reduced incidence of BPD compared with each group. The incidence of BPD and oxygen ventilation in delayed cord clamping infant were lower than immediate clamping group, while the rate of IVH was higher in among delayed clamping group when compared with immediate clamping. The rate of phototherapy was significantly higher in infants with cord milking compared to two other groups of infants.
Assessment of effect of topical palm date (phoenix dactylifera L.) preparation on clinical manifestation of knee Osteoarthritis versus Diclofenac gel : A randomized clinical trial
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Traditional Medicine, 2020) Bagherzadeh-karimi, Alireza; Fazljou, Mohammad bagher; Zargaran, Arman; Traditional Medicine; Elmi, Asghar; Karimi, Mehrdad
Abstract Introduction: Osteoarthritis is the most common arthritis. Osteoarthritis is rated as the fifth cause of the year of life last index in high income countries and ninth in low to middle income countries. Due to complications of medical and surgical interventions and the growing demand to herbal medicine, the research on the medicinal plants can be decide as a beneficial strategy. One of the most useful plants in the Traditional Persian Medicine is date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.).Date palm (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) is used as medicinal plant in many diseases in Traditional Persian Medicine. One of the most important usages of date palm in Traditional Persian Medicine is the topical use of date fruit for joint problems like, arthralgia, joint stiffness, and arthritis. Aim: Determining the effect of topical palm date (phoenix dactylifera L.) preparation on clinical manifestation of knee Osteoarthritis versus diclofenac gel: A randomized clinical trial Methods: According to the inclusion criteria, ninety four patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from patients then precise history was obtained from patients and clinical exams were done. Patients allocated to the two equivalent groups of 47 people (intervention and control groups) randomly using the block design method. In the next step the intended drug (date pomade and diclofenac gel) prescribed to patients. Patient consumed the drugs three times a day and one fingertip index for four week. The vas and the womac questionnaires were collected before the starting the medication and week 2 and 4 after intervention by interviewing. Results: The statistical comparison between intervention and control groups showed that the date's pomade significantly reduces the pain compared with control group according to the vas questionnaire (P=0.0000). Also according to the womac questionnaire the statistical analysis showed that the date pomade reduces the pain and stiffness of knee and improves the daily physical activity of patients better than diclofenac gel. But this reduction of pain and stiffness and improvement of the physical activity was significant at the end of week 4 after the intervention (P=0.0000) and was no significant at the end of week 2 after the intervention (P=0.90, P=0.05, P=0.05 for pain, stiffness, and physical activity respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that the consumption of date pomade three times a day can reduce the pain and stiffness of the mild to moderate osteoarthritis patient's knee and improve the daily physical activities of those patients better than diclofenac gel.
Quality control of different brands of Amlodipine tablets available in Iranian market using in-vitro tests based on USP 41
(Tabriz University of medical Science, School of Pharmacy, 2020) Ghorbani, Reza; Monajjemzadeh, Farnaz
Abstract: The present study is a post-market quality control study and examines the physicochemical properties of amlodipine tablet products as domestic and foreign brands available in the Iranian pharmaceutical market. Amlodipine is an antihypertensive drug and is categorized as calcium channel blocker dihydropyridines ,and acts by reducing the amount of calcium in the heart cells and blood vessels wich subsequenty leads to heart rate decrease, dilation of blood vessels and decrease in blood pressure finally, blood flow increases, and the workload of the heart decreases. Aim : Quality control of different brands of Amlodipine tablets available in Iranian market using in-vitro tests based on USP 41 Materials and methods: Four brands of amlodipine tablets, including two foreign and two domestic brands, have been selected and their physicochemical properties have been evaluated in terms of uniformity of dosage units, disintegration test, dissolution, hardness, friability and variation of weight according to USP Pharmacopoeia. ATLC test was performed to check lactose presence in all dosage forms. Result: Indicated that in brands A and D quality control tests including, hardness, dissolution, assay and content uniformity was not acceptable. Brands B and C were acceptable. This findings show the significance continuous quality control. The manufacturing process and the final products for both domestic and foreign brands. Conclusion: According to the results, not all brands had the required standard in a number of tests, especially the test for hardness, dissulotion and determining the amount of active ingredient; Therefore, it is necessary to review the manufacturing process and formulation for all brands, especially domestic products.
Radiobiological modeling of pituitary gland complications following head and neck radiotherapy using conventional models and artificial neural network
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 2020) shahbazi, Sevda; mesbahi, Asghar; ghasemi jangjoo, Amir
In this study, using radiobiological modeling and artificial neural network, the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in radiotherapy of nasopharynx and brain tumors after three-dimensional conformal treatment was calculated. Materials and Methods: 20 patients with nasopharynx and 31 patients with brain tumors treated with 3D-conformal method were studied. Necessary data including minimum, maximum and mean dose as well as number of treatment sessions and prescribed dose were extracted from the dose-volume histogram for each patient from the treatment planning system.Two radiobiological models, LKB and Log-logistic, were used to calculate the NTCP. Also, an artificial neural network was used to calculate the NTCP of patients. Results: The mean dose of pituitary gland for patients with nasopharynx and brain tumor was 30.42 and 51.29 Gy respectively.The mean NTCP calculated by LKB and Log-logistic models for nasopharyngeal patients was 54.53% and 50.83%, respectively. These values are 62.23% and 53.55% for brain tumor patients, respectively. In the artificial neural network, the error rate was 0.000383 for the training part and 2.21E-5 for the test part. The mean squared (R2) was 0.98 for the training part and 0.99 for the test part.
Assessment of cardioprotective effect of deferiprone on doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in a rat model.
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2020) Kalhori, Sadaf; Azarmi, Yadollah; Babaei, Hossein; Ghaffari, Saba
Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX)- induced cardiotoxicity is widely- known as the most severe complications of anthracycline based chemotherapy in patients with cancer. It is unknown whether Deferiprone (DFP), could reduce the severity of DOX- induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting free radical reactions. Thus, this study was performed to assess the protective effect of Deferiprone on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in a rat model. Methods: The rats were divided into five groups. Group one was control group. Group 2 was DOX (2 mg/kg/day, every other day for 12 days), and Group three to five which receiving DOX as in group 2 and DFP 75,100 and 150 mg/kg/day, for 19 days, respectively. Deferiprone was starting 5 days prior to first DOX injection and two days after the last DOX injection throughout the study. Electrocardiographic and hemodynamic studies, along with histopathological examination were conducted. In addition, serum sample was taken and Malone dialdehyde,lactate dehydrogenase, total anti-oxidant and creatine kinase were assessed. Result: Doxorubicin showed severe cardiotoxicity manifested by changes in ECG and hemodynamic parameters which was further confirmed by histology of heart and decrease in heart weight. These doxorubicin induced changes were attenuated by treatment with deferiprone. Discussion: The results also showed that deferiprone treatment significantly improved DOX-induced heart damage, structural changes in the myocardium and ventricular function. Our data confirm that deferiprone is protective against cardiovascular-related disorders induced by DOX. Clinical studies are needed to be involved to examine these findings in human. This observation revealed that the model adequately trained using 8 data points and could be used as a practical strategy for predicting the solubility of drugs in binary solvent mixtures at various temperatures with acceptable prediction error and using minimum experimental efforts.
Evaluation of microbial quality of enteral feedings made at Tabriz Imam Reza (AS) hospital and implementation of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system to make them standard
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Health, 2020) Ahangari, Hossein; Tarighat-Esfanjani, Ali; Food Hygiene and Safety; Ehsani, Ali; Hashemi, Mohammad
Abstarct Background: Consumption of contaminated enteral tube feedings can cause several infections in immunocompromised patients. To control the risks of microbial contamination as well as to prevent food safety problems such as food poisoning and foodborne infections, the microbial quality of enteral tube feedings must be monitored continuously. Purpose: Evaluation of microbial quality of enteral tube feedings and identification of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella species and implementation of HACCP system to standardize the microbial quality. Methods: Bacterial strains of enteral tube feeding samples were isolated and counted using specific culture media and final confirmation was performed using PCR. After the bacterial counting, the HACCP was performed and the CCPs were controlled for declining of the bacterial contamination. Results: Based on the results of counting the number of bacterial colonies of samples and comparing them with the FDA standard for approved hospital foods, 57% of the solutions have a higher microbial load than the standard. By the implementation of the HACCP system, the bacterial count of isolated species was reduced and total mesophilic count of the samples was 17% decreased. Conclusion: Improving hygienic conditions in the preparation room of the enteral feedings, together with the employment of the HACCP system to prevent contamination, helps to avoid the foodborne diseases as much as possible. Keywords: Enteral Tube Feeding; Microbiological Analysis; 16S rRNA amplification; Polymerase Chain Reaction
3D Evaluation of Condyle Position in CBCT Images of Skeletal Class I and III Patients
(Tabriz university of medical sciences , school of dentistry, 2020) Babaei, Tohid; Esmaili, Farzad; oral and maxillofacial radiology; Saeidi Vahdat, Arman
Abstract Introduction 3D position of condyle in glenoid fossa directly affects the anterior, posterior and vertical position of the mandible. By using different techniques and measurements and also using CBCT images, the present study demonstrated the difference between the 3D position of condyle in class III pattern and the normal class I pattern. Materials and Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 48 patients with the classI skeletal relationship and 48 patients with the class III skeletal relationship were selected. From these images sagittal , axial , coronal and 3d models were acquired by using the NNT viewer software.The patients with the classes I and III skeletal relationship were separated based on the ANB angle .The parameters (APC) and (VPC) were measured in the sagittal section. The parameters (ACA),(LLPC) and (APDC) were measured in the axial sections and the parameters (VDC) and (CCA) were measured in the coronal sections. The results were reported by using Means and standard deviations. In order to compare the 3d positions of the condyle in the classes I and III skeletal groups independent t-test was used. SPSS/20 software was used for statistical analysis and p value <0/05 were considered statistically significant. Results Among the measured parameters , vertical position of condyle ( VPC) was higher in class III skeletal patients compared to class 1 skeletal patients. The CCA parameter or the coronal condylar angle was also increased in class III skeletal patients compared to class 1 skeletal patients. All the parameters defining the 3d position of the condyle were similar among men and women in class 1 and 3 skeletal patients. The parameters were also similar between the right and left condyle in each individual patient.
Adaptibility of the urban tranportion routs and health care facilities with the WHO's standards of age friendly environments in the city of Meshkinshahr
(Tabriz university of medical sciences, school of health, 2020) Ahmadzadeh, Maryam; Geriarric health; Shaghaghi, Abdolreza
Introduction and Objective: Mismatch between the need for age-friendly outdoor spaces\buildings and status-quo conditions of pavements and healthcare facilities has caused numerous problems in several countries of the world. The deficiency could cause serious health problems for elder people such as injuries following a fall or even death in severe cases of out-door accidents. Standardization of urban spaces and healthcare facilities to comply with the needs of elderly people plays an important role in preventing accident-related morbidities and mortalities and enhancing their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the compatibility of urban spaces and healthcare facilities in Meshginshahr, Iran with the recommended standards of the aged-friendly healthcare facilities and public places. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in two stages in Meshginshahr from 2017 and 2018. In the first stage, health centers, pavements and access routes were examined using the checklists of the World Health Organization (WHO). In the second stage, the problems and needs of the elderly people were investigated using the checklists for assessment of the elderly-friendly cities and a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software V.23. Results: The mean compliance ratios of urban public spaces, health centers, and physicians’ offices with the standards of age-friendly pathways and healthcare premises were found to be 32%, 40%, and 49%, respectively. The participants believed that the mean compliance of urban thoroughfares with the global standards was 42%, which was significantly lower than the average compliance (i.e., 50%). According to the participants, the average compliance of urban pathways with the standards was 0.42, which was significantly lower than the average compliance (50%). Also, the average score of compliance of health centers in terms of accessibility was 2.33 ± 0.46, which was significantly lower than the average score (2.5). Conclusion: Based on our results, major deficiencies exist in urban spaces and healthcare facilities of the city of Meshginshahr with regard to the recommended healthcare facilities and urban spaces’ planning standards. The insufficiencies might restrict the access of elderly population to healthcare services or cause serious injuries and physical\mental challenges for them. It seems that lack of a clear and updated pre-planning guidelines for designing urban spaces, insufficient monitoring and audit during and after construction phases have fostered the challenges for the elderly citizens. An urgent intervention is required to achieve the goals of age-friendly city initiative in Meshginshahr and in cities with similar circumstances across the country. Keywords: Elderly-friendly, Compliance, Urban thoroughfares, Health services providers
Effects of memantine in prophylaxis of taxanes induced neuropathy in patients with breast cancer
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2020) Mohammadzadeh, Pegah; Sanaat, Zohreh; Dolatkhah, Roya; Ghaffary, Saba; Shaseb, Elnaz
Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy is one of the complications of taxanes which is usually dose-dependent and progressive and in severe cases, can lead to dose reduction, change in chemotherapy protocols or termination of treatment. Neuropathy can lead to significant changes in a person's quality of life and performance in daily activities. Objective: To evaluate the effects of memantine in the prevention of docetaxel induced neuropathy in patients with breast cancer. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial in which 40 women with non-metastatic breast cancer, treated with AC-T, who were receiving docetaxel, were chosen after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These patients were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The subjects in the intervention group, starting with docetaxel, first took memantine at a dose of 5 mg for three days, then at a dose of 10 mg for three days, then at a dose of 15 mg for three days, and finally They received a dose of 20 mg for 8 weeks and the control group did not take any medication. To monitor patients, DN4 and CTCAE questionnaires were used in 4 stages, ie before the start of the study, 1 month, 3 month and 6 month after the intervention. Results: Based on the data obtained from the score variable of the questionnaires in the control and intervention group and its intra group study and with P <0.05, it was found that the administration of memantine in the intervention group caused a significant difference in the score of the DN4 questionnaire in the first month study (p-value: 0.033) and the third month (p-value: <0.001) between the control and intervention groups. Conclusion: The administration of memantine has been effective in preventing neuropathy caused by docetaxel.
Comparison of Pendant versus Traditional Sitting Position for success rate of spinal anesthesia with sprotte needle on obese partiurent undergoing cesarean delivery: A randomized controlled trial
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 2020) Hamzenava, Esmaiel; Atashkhoie, Simin; Gojazadeh, Morteza; Abri, Reyhaneh
Due to the technical problems of spinal anesthesia in obese people and the lack of a study comparing the effect of pendent position and sitting position in obese mothers under cesarean section, so we decided to examine the success rate of spinal puncture between two positions of pendent and sitting in obese mothers who were reffred to Al-Zahra Hospital for undergoing cesarean delivery. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted with the participation of 100 obese pregnant mothers who were candidates for elective cesarean section who had referred to Al-Zahra Hospital in Tabriz in 1997. The samples were divided into two groups of 50 people. The mothers of the intervention group were placed in the pendant position for spinal anesthesia and the mothers of the control group were placed in the usual sitting position. Information and success rate of spinal puncture, vital signs and anesthesia complications in both groups were compared with independent t-test, Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation. Results: In this study, the mean time required for spinal puncture (P = 0.000) and the number of needle-to-bone contacts (P = 0.026) in the conventional sitting group were significantly higher than the pendant group. The success rate in the first needle insertion attempt (P = 0.007) in the pendant group was significantly higher than the conventional sitting group (50% success vs. 24%). Also, the two groups did not differ significantly in terms of changes in vital signs, incidence of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia and surgery.
The Effect of Empowerment Program with and without Telenursing on Self-Efficacy and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Index of Patients with Type-2 Diabetes: A randomized clinical trial study
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 2020) Azhdari Mamaghani, Hadi; Sarbakhsh, Parvin; Badri, Rahim; Nursing Education; Jabbarzadeh Tabrizi, Faranak; Seyyed Rasouli, Aleheh
Abstract: Effects of Empowerment Program with and without Telenursing on Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Index of Patients with Type-2 Diabetes: A randomized clinical trial Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease and the main cause of blindness, lower organs amputation, cardiovascular and renal diseases is one of the main causes of death, disability and the main health priorities worldwide. It is estimated that 285 million people in the world have diabetes and will increase to 439 million by 2030. Every year, 1.4 million Americans will add to the numbers of diabetic patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of empowerment program with and without telenursing on self-efficacy and quality of life and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This randomized double blind clinical trial study was performed on 156 patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to endocrinology clinic of Sina Hospital and randomly assigned to three groups (empowerment with telenursing) (empowerment without telenursing) and control group. After collecting data, using the self-efficacy questionnaire for patients with diabetes and glycosylated hemoglobin index, and diabetes quality of life questionnaire from all participants, the data were analyzed using SPSS16 software. Results: ANOVA results show that the implementation of empowerment program with and without telenursing leads to an increase in self-efficacy score (P <0.05 and F = 93.27) and improvement of glycosylated hemoglobin index (P <0.05 and 95/10 = F) and improvement on Quality of Life score (P <0.001 and 98.58= F) in patients with diabetes. But the effectiveness of the empowerment program combined with telenursing is more than the empowerment plan. Conclusion: Training based on empowerment models and emphasis on the strengths of clients in solving their own problems can play a major role in increasing self-efficacy and Quality of Life and HbA1c level. In addition, a continuous training program, along with telephone follow-up can result in higher self-efficacy and improvement Quality of Life and lower HbA1c level