Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2015"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 1448

Antibacterial carboxymethyl cellulose/Ag nanocomposite hydrogels cross-linked with layered double hydroxides
(2015) Yadollahi, M; Namazi, H; Aghazadeh, M
This paper deals with the preparation of antibacterial nanocomposite hydrogels through the combination of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), layered double hydroxides (LDH), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). CMC-LDH hydrogels were prepared by intercalating CMC into different LDHs. Then, Ag/CMC-LDH nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared through in situ formation of AgNPs within the CMC-LDHs. XRD analysis confirmed the intercalating CMC into the LDH sheets and formation of intercalated structures, as well as formation of AgNPs within the CMC-LDHs. SEM and TEM micrographs indicated well distribution of AgNPs within the Ag/CMC-LDHs. The prepared hydrogels showed a pH sensitive swelling behavior. The Ag/CMC-LDH nanocomposite hydrogels have rather higher swelling in different aqueous solutions in comparison with CMC-LDHs. The antibacterial activity of CMC-LDHs increased considerably after formation of AgNPs and was stable for more than one month. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nursing experiences of clinical governance implementation: A qualitative study
(2015) Sadeghi-Bazargani, H; Tabrizi, JS; Saadati, M; Hassanzadeh, R; Alizadeh, G
Purpose - Clinical governance (CG) was used as a driver to improve safety and quality of healthcare. CG implementing is a change in health system and all the stakeholders must be participating. The purpose of this paper is to study nurses' experience about CG movement in Tabriz hospitals. Design/methodology/approach - A qualitative study using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was done. Purposeful Sampling was used to select the objectives including 65 participants. Actually seven FGD's were held. Content analysis was used to extract the meaningful themes. Findings - It is revealed that nurses are the focal point in CG implementation in hospitals. Low commitment of managers and lack of physicians' contribution was experienced by nurses. However, personnel education and development and patient safety have got more attention. Blame culture and increased work stress was reported as challenges. Originality/value - CG as a change in healthcare system, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is faced by several challenges and its implementation would have different experiences. Nursing staff, the major group in hospitals, would be having interesting experiences through CG. Their practical opinions could guide the policy makers to employ proper plans to effectively implement CG. Considering the result of this study in practice would lead to improve CG implementation. ط¢آ© Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Prevalence of anemia and its impact on mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a developing country setting
(2015) Rahimi-Rad, MH; Sadighi, T; Rabieepour, M; Dinparast, R; Rad, SR
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is going to be the third most common cause of death worldwide. The natural course of COPD is interrupted by acute exacerbations (AECOPD) with an overall mortality rate of 10%. Anemia is a wellknown independent predictor of mortality in several chronic diseases. Little is known about the impact of anemia on mortality in AECOPD. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of anemia in AECOPD patients and its impact on mortality in a developing country setting. We retrospectively studied 200 hospitalized patients with AECOPD (100 died in hospital and 100 survived) in Imam Khomeini teaching hospital, Urmia, Iran. Prevalence of anemia between deceased and surviving patients compared by using x-square test. Mean admission day Hb and Hct level were compared between the two groups by using Student t-test. Anemia was defined according to WHO criteria: Hb< 13 g/dl in males; Hb< 12 g/dl in females. The prevalence of anemia was significantly higher in patients who died in hospital compared to those who survived (72% vs. 49%, p=0.001 and OR= 2.68). The mean آ± SD Hb level was 11.5آ±2.7 g/dl among deceased patients vs.13.0آ±2.0 g/dl among survivors (p value<0.001). The duration of hospitalization was significantly higher (p<0,001) in anemic patients (mean 13.28 days in anemic vs. 7.0 days in non-anemic patients). In bivariate correlation analysis, Hb was positively correlated with FEV1 (r=+0.210, p=0.011) and negatively with duration of hospitalization (r=- 0.389, p=0.000). Anemia was common in AECOPD patients in this developing country setting and was significantly associated with in hospital mortality.
Association of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension with hereditary and acquired risk factors for thromboembolism.
(2015) Ghaffary, MR; Ansarin, K; Sakhinia, E; Khoramifar, AR
Thrombophilia increases the incidence of pulmonary thrombosis significantly. Various hereditary and acquired factors are known for thromboembolism. The hereditary factors are two common genetic autosomal mutations including factor V leidan mutation and prothrombin gene mutation. A descriptive- analytical design was conducted on 60 patients with thromboembolism who met the inclusion criteria. Two groups with hereditary and acquired risk factors for thromboembolism (group A, B, each 30 people) were evaluated. All the patients of two groups were evaluated in terms of emboli associated with hereditary and acquired risk factors. Association of thromboembolism risk factors' with pulmonary hypertension were studied at the beginning of the study and six months after the treatment then the results of two groups were compared. Among participants, 31 (56.4%) were men. The mean age of the patients was 44.4±14 years, ranging between 23-75 years. Significant association was observed between the stability of the blood clot in pulmonary vessel, six months after the treatment with genetic risk factors (P=0.03). However, no significant association was between pulmonary hypertension and hereditary and acquired risk factors (P=0.24). Based on the significant association between the hereditary risk factors and pulmonary emboli, by taking special prevention and therapy measurements (e.g. genetic engineering), some pulmonary and mortality complications can be prevented and the patient himself and health care system would benefit from this issue.
Simultaneous bilateral biceps tendon rupture: A case report with practical sonographic diagnosis
(2015) Babaei-Ghazani, A; Eftekhar-Sadat, B; Ghabili, K
Simultaneous bilateral complete tear of the biceps tendons is a rare clinical entity with challenging treatment approaches. Current diagnostic imaging of rupture of the biceps tendon has reverted to magnetic resonance imaging; however, in the recent years, sonography has been widely used in musculoskeletal practice. The authors present a case of simultaneous bilateral biceps tendon rupture diagnosed on the basis of fundamental sonographic findings of the torn biceps tendons.
Alteration of delta-6-desaturase (FADS2), secretory phospholipase-A2 (sPLA2) enzymes by Hot-nature diet with co-supplemented hemp seed, evening primrose oils intervention in multiple sclerosis patients
(2015) Rezapour-Firouzi, S; Arefhosseini, SR; Ebrahimi-Mamaghani, M; Baradaran, B; Sadeghihokmabad, E; Mostafaei, S; Torbati, M; Chehreh, M
Background: The effect of nutrition and dietary supplements as environmental factors has been suggested as possible factors affecting both disease risk and progression in on the course of multiple sclerosis with complex genetic-risk profiles. This study was aimed to assess regulation of surface-membrane enzymes such as Delta-6-desaturase (FADS2), secretory Phospholipase A2(sPLA2) by hemp seed and evening primrose oils as well as Hot-natured dietary intervention in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients. Methods and materials: In this double blind, randomized trial, 100 RRMS patients with Extended disability status score (EDSS)<6 were allocated into 3 groups: "Group A" who received co-supplemented hemp seed and evening primrose oils along with advised Hot nature diet; "Group B", who received olive oil; "Group C", who received the co-supplemented oils. Clinically EDSS and functional score as well as biochemical parameters [blood cells polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUPA), FADS2, sPLA2] were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Results: Mean follow-up was 180 +/- 2.9SD days (N=65,23 M and 42 F aged 34.25 +/- 8.07 years with disease duration 6.80 +/- 4.33 years). There was no significant difference in studies parameters at baseline. After 6 months, significant improvements in EDSS and functional score were found in the groups A and C while EDSS and pyramidal score showed significant increase in group B. Alteration of biochemical parameters showed improvement in groups A and C whereas there was worsening condition for group B after the intervention. Conclusion: The co-supplemented hemp seed and evening primrose oils with Hot nature diet can have beneficial effects in improving clinical symptoms and signs in RRMS patients which were confirmed by regulation of surface-membrane enzymes. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
In-silico Investigation of Tubulin Binding Modes of a Series of Novel Antiproliferative Spiroisoxazoline Compounds Using Docking Studies.
(2015) Abolhasani, H; Zarghi, A; Hamzeh-Mivehroud, M; Alizadeh, AA; Shahbazi Mojarrad, J; Dastmalchi, S
Interference with microtubule polymerization results in cell cycle arrest leading to cell death. Colchicine is a well-known microtubule polymerization inhibitor which does so by binding to a specific site on tubulin. A set of 3', 4'-bis (substituted phenyl)-4'H-spiro [indene-2, 5'-isoxazol]-1(3H)-one derivatives with known antiproliferative activities were evaluated for their tubulin binding modes. 3D structures of the derivatives were docked into the colchicine binding site of tubulin using GOLD 5.0 program under flexible ligand and semi-flexible receptor condition. The spiroisoxazoline derivatives bind tubulin in a similar manner to colchicine by establishing at least a hydrogen bonding to Cys(241) as well as hydrophobic interactions with Leu(255), Ile(378) and Lys(254) and few other residues at the binding pocket. It can be concluded that the spiroisoxazoline core structure common to the studied derivatives is a suitable scaffold for placing the antitubulin pharmacophoric groups in appropriate spatial positions required for tubulin binding activity.
COMPARISON EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BIOADHESIVE PASTE CONTAINING LICORICE 5% WITH BIOADHESIVE PASTE WITHOUT DRUG IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
(2015) Raeesi, V; Arbabi-Kalati, F; Akbari, N; Hamishekar, H
Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common oral mucosa diseases. The treatment of RAS is principally directed towards reducing the pain and duration of each episode of ulceration. This study evaluated the efficacy of licorice bioadhesive paste 5% to control the pain and reduce the necrotic zone and erythematose and healing time of Recurrent aphthous ulcer. Methods: We performed a randomized,double blind,clinical study. A total of 60 patients, with a history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and currently suffering from ulceration were selected from patients referred to the School of Dentistry in Zahedan. The patients divided three groups. A) group with routin managment. B) group with Licorice bioadhesive paste 5%,C) group with bioadhesive paste without Licorice. The effects of the following variable were investigated: pain, Area of the Lesion and necrotic zone and Time of the complete healing of the ulcers. Result: Recorded data using statistical software 19spss version using test Paired T Test, T-Test student and ANOVA for repeated data assessment was performed. A significant reduction in VAS was Recorded following application of the Licorce Bioadhesive paste 5% on days 1, 3, 5 compared control and placebo groups. Licorce Bioadhesive paste 5% cause a significant reduction in the area of necrotic zone in 1,3, 5 compared with control group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, Licorce paste can be effective in the reduction of pain and of the necrotic zone of RAS.
Folate and homocysteine levels and their association with dietary intakes in Iranian patients infected with Helicobacter pylori: a case-control study.
(2015) Javadi, L; Pourghassem Gargari, B; Salekzamani, S; Yousefzadeh, R
The association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and concentration of folate or homocysteine are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of HP infection on folate and homocysteine concentrations in patients infected with HP and healthy participants. We also assessed dietary intakes of folate, vitamins B6 and B12 in two groups. In this case-control study, 44 participants with HP-infection and 46 healthy controls were studied. Participants were recruited from those referred to the central laboratory of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Blood samples were collected to determine serum folate and homocysteine levels. The presence of both IgG and IgA in serum was considered as HP positive. Dietary intakes were assessed in all participants by 24-hour dietary recalls by trained interviewers for three days. The mean concentration of serum folate was significantly lower in HP-positive patients than in controls (8.49 nmol/L vs. 10.95 nmol/L, respectively; P=0.01). Although the mean concentration of serum homocysteine differed between groups, statistical significance was missed (HP infected patients: 9.35 µmol/L; healthy participants: 8.96 µmol/L; P=0.064). Macro- and micronutrient intakes showed no significant difference between participants with and without HP infection. In logistic regression models, there was a negative correlation between folate concentration and HP infection even after controlling for confounding factors (OR=0.82; CI95%=0.79-0.97). In this study, authors showed that a negative association presents between HP infection and serum folate concentrations, but the homocysteine status was not differed significantly between HP-positive and HP-negative participants.
Double-charged ionic liquid-functionalized layered double hydroxide nanomaterial as a new fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction of phenols
(2015) Abolghasemi, MM; Yousefi, V; Piryaei, M
Double-charged diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was immobilized on the inner surface of a nanomaterial composed of the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Zn(II) and Cr(III). The resulting material was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and XRD techniques. This novel nanocomposite has been used as a highly porous fiber coating for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of phenol and various chloro-, nitro- and aminophenols. The LDH nanocomposite was deposited on a stainless steel wire and then evaluated with respect to the extraction of phenolic compounds from water samples. The effects of temperature, extraction time, ionic strength, stirring rate, pH, and desorption temperature and time on the extraction were optimized. The compounds were then separated and quantified by GC-MS. Under optimum conditions, the repeatability for a single fiber (for n = 3 and expressed as the relative standard deviation) is between 2.3 and 7.2 %. The detection limits are between 0.02 and 6.3 pg mL(-1). The method is simple, rapid, and inexpensive. The fiber is thermally stable and its use gives high recoveries.
Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of Diclofenac Sodium-Eudragit(®) RS100 Solid Dispersion and Nanoparticles Using Formalin Test in the Rats.
(2015) Adibkia, K; Mohajjel Nayebi, A; Barzegar-Jalali, M; Hosseinzadeh, S; Ghanbarzadeh, S; Shiva, A
In this study the intensity and duration of analgesic effect of diclofenac Na - Eudragit(®) RS100 solid dispersion and nanoparticles were evaluated by using formalin test in the rats.The animals received different formulations of diclofenac Na and subsequently 50 ?l of formalin solution (2.5%) was injected subcutaneously in the right paws after 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. The paw licking behavior was then evaluated in two phases. A dose of 20 mg/kg of pure diclofenac Na powder was determined as effective dose.In the first phase, in term of reduced paw licking time, no significant differences were found in any of the groups compared to the control group. However, in the second phase, the animals which received pure drug powder and the physical mixture of diclofenac Na with Eudragit(®) RS100 showed significant differences at the first and second hours. In the animals received the nanoparticles and solid dispersion, significant differences were observed in the third hour compared to the control group.The analgesic effect of diclofenac Na could be improved by formulating its nanoparticles and solid dispersion with Eudragit(®) RS100. However, the nanoparticles revealed significantly higher analgesic effect than solid dispersion.
Investigating the correlation between physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of some marketed brands of celecoxib
(Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, 2015) Ataie, Paria; Valizadeh, Hadi; Zakeri Milani, Parvin
Introduction: Celecoxib is a COX-2 selective inhibitor non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Celecoxib is available by prescription in capsule form. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has defined bioequivalence (BE) as the absence of a significant difference in the rate and extent of active ingredient between test and refrence products when administered at the same dose under similar conditions in an appropriately designed study. Aim: Aim of This study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and bioequivalence (BE) of different products of celecoxib capsules. Matherials and mehtod: For in vitro evaluation, content uniformity, assay and dissolution tests were performed. A randomized, single dose, two-period, cross over study in healthy Iranian male fasting volunteers was designed. A 1-week washout period separated the two periods. For analysis of PK parameters blood sampling was performed before and after drug administration in various time points up to 24 h. Celecoxib concentration in plasma was determined using a developed high performance liquid chromatography method. Results: Both formulations passed the assay, content uniformity, and dissolution tests acceptance value. PK parameters, representing the rate and the extent of celecoxib absorption were calculated and analyzed for two formulations. The 90 % C.I.(Confidence interval) obtained by analysis of variance for the ratios of Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞ were 63.33–86.69, 57.28–104.79 and 59.81–98.41 % respectively, did not meet the criteria for BE (80–125 %). Conclusion: Administration of a single dose of test and reference formulations did result in statistically significant differences in vivo BE parameters in healthy Iranian male volunteers. Thus in the case of rate and extent of absorption the test and reference formulations were not considered bioequivalent.
Solubility of Naproxen in Polyethylene Glycol 200+Water Mixtures at Various Temperatures
(2015) Panahi-Azar, V; Soltanpour, S; Martinez, F; Jouyban, A
The solubility of naproxen in binary mixtures of polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG 200) + water at the temperature range from 298.0 K to 318.0 K were reported. The combinations of Jouyban-Acree model + van't Hoff and Jouyban-Acree model + partial solubility parameters were used to predict the solubility of naproxen in PEG 200 + water mixtures at different temperatures. Combination of Jouyban-Acree model with van't Hoff equation can be used to predict solubility in PEG 200 + water with only four solubility data in mono-solvents. The obtained solubility calculation errors vary from similar to 17 % up to 35 % depend on the number of required input data. Non-linear enthalpy-entropy compensation was found for naproxen in the investigated solvent system and the Jouyban-Acree model provides reasonably accurate mathematical descriptions of the thermodynamic data of naproxen in the investigated binary solvent systems.
Fabrication of biodendrimeric beta-cyclodextrin via click reaction with potency of anticancer drug delivery agent
(2015) Toomari, Y; Namazi, H; Entezami, AA
The aim of this work was the synthesis of biodendrimeric beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) on the secondary face with encapsulation efficacy, with beta-CDs moiety to preserve the biocompatibility properties, also particularly growth their loading capacity for drugs with certain size. The new dendrimer, having 14 beta-CD residues attached to the core beta-CD in secondary face (11), was prepared through click reaction. The encapsulation property of the prepared compound was evaluated by methotrexate (MTX) drug molecule. Characterization of compound 11 was performed with H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and FTIR and its supramolecular inclusion complex structure was determined using FTIR, DLS, DSC and SEM techniques. In vitro cytotoxicity test results showed that compound 11 has very low or no cytotoxic effect on T47D cancer cells. In vitro drug release study at pHs 3, 5 and 7.4 showed that the release process was noticeably pH dependent and the dendrimer could be used as an appropriate controlled drug delivery system (DDS) for cancer treatment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The effect of equisetum arvense (horse tail) ointment on wound healing and pain intensity after episiotomy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
(2015) Asgharikhatooni, A; Bani, S; Hasanpoor, S; Mohammad Alizade, S; Javadzadeh, Y
Episiotomy, a common surgical practice in midwifery, is accompanied with high levels of pain and discomfort for mothers. The importance of medicinal herbs and traditional medicine in wound healing cannot be neglected.Considering the positive effects and easy accessibility of Equisetum arvense, this study examined the effectiveness of topical application of Equisetum arvense ointment in wound healing, reduction of inflammation and pain relief after episiotomy in nulliparous mothers.This double-blind clinical trial was performed on 108 postpartum nulliparous mothers (54 women in horsetail group and 54 women in placebo group) in Alzahra Educational-Medical Center (Tabriz, Iran). About 5 ± 1 and 10 ± 1 days after the childbirth, the primary outcomes of episiotomy, i.e. wound healing and pain intensity, were assessed based on redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation of the edges (REEDA) scale and a visual analogue scale (VAS), respectively. The secondary outcomes evaluated in the current research were the number of used painkillers and the adverse events during the 10-day period of the study. Data was analyzed using independent t and Mann-Whitney U tests.The case and control groups had no significant differences in for the mean wound healing score (5.0 ± 1.6 vs. 4.1 ± 1.6) and mean pain intensity (5.7 ± 2.4 vs. 5.3 ± 2.2) at baseline. During both follow-up sessions (5 ± 1 and 10 ± 1days after delivery), the mean scores were significantly lower in the case group than the control group. The adjusted pain score difference (MD) after 5 ± 1 and 10 ± 1 days was -2.3 (95% CI: -3.2 to -1.3) and 3.8 (95% CI: -4.7 to -3.0), respectively. The mean numbers of acetaminophen pills used in the control and case groups during the 10-day period of the study were 6.8 ± 4.4 and 11.6 ± 7.1, respectively (P < 0.001).According to our findings, 3% Equisetum arvense ointment promoted wound healing and relieved pain during the 10-day period after episiotomy. Since this study was the first to assess the effects of Equisetum arvense ointment on wound healing and pain intensity following episiotomy in humans, further research is warranted to fully clarify the beneficial effects of prepared ointment.
Opening the Black Box: The Experiences and Lessons From the Public Hospitals Autonomy Policy in Iran
(2015) Doshmangir, L; Rashidian, A; Jafari, M; Takian, A; Ravaghi, H
Introduction: Policy formulation and adoption often happen in a black box. Implementation challenges affect and modify the nature of a policy: We analyzed hospitals' autonomy policy in Iran that was intended to reduce hospitals' financial burden on government and improve their efficiency. Methods: We followed a retrospective case-study Methodology, involving inductive and deductive analyses of parliamentary proceedings, policy documents, gray literature,, published papers and interview transcripts. We analyzed data to develop a policy map that included important dates and events leading to the, policy process milestones. Results: We identified four time-periods With distinctive features: 'moving toward the policy (1989 1994), 'disorganized implementation' (1995 1997), 'continuing challenges and indecisiveness in hospitals financing' (1998-2003), and other structural:and financial-policies in public hospitals' (2004 to date): We found that stakeholders required different and conflicting objectives, which Certainly resulted in an unsatisfactory implementation process. The policy led to long-lasting and often negative changes in the hospital sector and the entire Iranian health system. Conclusion: Hospital autonomy appeared to be an ill-advised policy to remedy the inefficiency problems in low socioeconomic areas of the country. The assumption that hospital autonomy reforms would necessarily result in a better health system, may be a false assumption as their success relies on many contextual; structural and policy implementation factors.
Developing 2D-QSAR models for naphthyridine derivatives against HIV-1 integrase activity
(2015) Zakariazadeh, M; Barzegar, A; Soltani, S; Aryapour, H
HIV-1 integrase is an extremely important nominee in developing new and effective drugs especially naphthyridine compounds against acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is the most powerful method in computer-aided drug design and will be used to help the design of new naphthyridine derivatives. Different computational 2D-QSAR procedures applied to predict the relationship between the computational descriptors of naphthyridine derivatives with their HIV-1 integrase inhibition activities. Four different models including stepwise-MLR, consensus stepwise-MLR, GAPLS-MLR, and consensus GAPLS-MLR with appropriate correlation between the calculated and experimental biological activities (pIC(50)) against HIV-1 integrase were generated. Predictive QSAR models were obtained with R (training) (2) values of 0.848, 0.862, 0.709, and 0.751 as well as R (test) (2) values of 0.521, 0.651, 0.502, and 0.775 for stepwise-MLR, consensus stepwise-MLR, GAPLS-MLR, and consensus GAPLS-MLR models, respectively. QSAR models are high efficiency in prediction of the pIC(50) in comparison with other models because of concerning the combination of "quantum and molecular mechanical" descriptors. Combination of "quantum" and "molecular mechanical" descriptors improved our models with high efficient test set activity prediction potency. The obtained results provided useful information for understanding the effects of polarizability, electronegativity, and especially functional groups such as aromatic nitrogens that are important for the activities of naphthyridine compounds. The developed QSAR models will be efficient for the rational design of potent naphthyridine derivatives against HIV-1 integrase activity.
THE PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI CAGA AND ICEA GENOTYPES AND POSSIBLE CLINICAL OUTCOMES
(2015) Dadashzadeh, K; Milani, M; Somi, MH
Objective: There is continuing interest in identifying Helicobacter pylori virulence factors that might predict the risk for symptomatic clinical outcomes. It has been proposed that iceA and cagA genes are such markers and can identify patients with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Methods: To determine the prevalence of specific genotypes of H. pylori, clinical isolate of H.pylori obtained from 102 patients through endoscopic biopsies was cultured. The cagA alleles, iceA genotypes were determined by PCR. Results: Distribution of cagA and clinical outcome was shown that the frequency of cagA-positive isolates in PUD, NUD and GC patients was 81.25% and 65.5% and 100%, respectively. Also the iceA1 allele was identified in 2 (100%) GC patients but iceA2 allele was not detected in these patients. Overall cagA and iceA1 alleles were detected in GC patients. Conclusions: The cagA gene and iceA1 genotype was found to predominate in gastric adenocarcinoma patients, and also iceA2 genotype was also associated with PUD.
Comments on "Use of Malondialdehyde as a Biomarker for Assesing Oxidative Stress in Different Disease Pathologies: A Review"
(2015) Khoubnasab Jafari, M; Ansarin, K; Jouyban, A
The Relationship between Solubility and Transdermal Absorption of Tadalafil
(2015) Hamishehkar, H; Khoshbakht, M; Jouyban, A; Ghanbarzadeh, S
Purpose: The aim of this study was to find a relationship between drug solubility and its transdermal permeation and find the best vehicle composition to improve transdermal permeation of Tadalafil. Methods: Pure or binary mixtures of commonly used solvents in pharmaceutical sciences including ethanol, glycerin, N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 and propylene glycol (PG) were evaluated for drug solubility and transdermal delivery through the exercised rat skin employing Franz diffusion cells. Results: Tadalafil showed higher solubility in NMP compared to the other solvents. The amount of Tadalafil permeation from the pure vehicles was ranked as follow: Ethanol >glycerin >NMP>PEG 400 >PG. Furthermore, the solubility and transdermal delivery from binary mixtures of NMP and PG were higher than that obtained from pure PG, and accordingly, both increased with increasing NMP concentration in the binary solvent mixtures. The Flux values were determined as following order for Ethanol>NMP>glycerin>PG>PEG 400. Conclusion: Generally, increase in Tadalafil solubility resulted in a decrease in its skin penetration rate and amount. However, NMP exhibited substantial drug skin penetration rate and amount accompanying with appropriate drug solvency. In conclusion, the results of this study introduced NMP as a solvent suitable for application in the formulation of topically applied drug delivery systems.